The end of the trachea divides into two bronchi that enter the right and left lung. The mucus catches particles that have been inhaled, and the cilia move the particles toward the pharynx. The trachea is lined with cells that have cilia and secrete mucus. The cartilage provides strength and support to the trachea to keep the passage open. It is made of incomplete rings of cartilage and smooth muscle. The human trachea is a cylinder, about 25 to 30 cm (9.8–11.8 in) long, which sits in front of the esophagus and extends from the pharynx into the chest cavity to the lungs. The main function of the trachea is to funnel the inhaled air to the lungs and the exhaled air back out of the body. Air is also chemically sampled by the sense of smell.įrom the nasal cavity, air passes through the pharynx (throat) and the larynx (voice box) as it makes its way to the trachea ( Figure 11.9). Particulate matter that is floating in the air is removed in the nasal passages by hairs, mucus, and cilia. These processes help equilibrate the air to the body conditions, reducing any damage that cold, dry air can cause. As the air passes through the nasal cavity, the air is warmed to body temperature and humidified by moisture from mucous membranes. The air enters the body through the nasal cavity located just inside the nose ( Figure 11.9). However, it is possible to override this automatic regulation for activities such as speaking, singing and swimming under water.ĭuring inhalation the diaphragm descends creating a negative pressure around the lungs and they begin to inflate, drawing in air from outside the body. How often a breath is taken and how much air is inhaled or exhaled is regulated by the respiratory center in the brain in response to signals it receives about the carbon dioxide content of the blood. Carbon dioxide exits the cells, enters the bloodstream, travels back to the lungs, and is expired out of the body during exhalation.īreathing is both a voluntary and an involuntary event. There, oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide, which is a cellular waste material. The air contains oxygen that crosses the lung tissue, enters the bloodstream, and travels to organs and tissues. That air is doing more than just inflating and deflating the lungs in the chest cavity. With every inhalation, air fills the lungs, and with every exhalation, it rushes back out. This equates to about 900 breaths an hour or 21,600 breaths per day. Humans, when they are not exerting themselves, breathe approximately 15 times per minute on average. Wait several seconds and then let it out. Thus the circulatory and respiratory system, whose function is to obtain oxygen and discharge carbon dioxide, work in tandem. In humans, other mammals, and birds, blood absorbs oxygen and releases carbon dioxide in the lungs. Gas exchange between tissues and the blood is an essential function of the circulatory system. Pressure differences within the system cause the movement of the blood and are created by the pumping of the heart.

The medium for transport of gases and other molecules is the blood, which continually circulates through the system. This extensive network supplies the cells, tissues, and organs with oxygen and nutrients, and removes carbon dioxide and waste compounds. The human circulatory system has a complex network of blood vessels that reach all parts of the body.

Explain how blood flows through the bodyĪnimals are complex multicellular organisms that require a mechanism for transporting nutrients throughout their bodies and removing wastes.

Describe the function of the circulatory system.

Explain how the lungs are protected from particulate matter.

Describe the passage of air from the outside environment to the lungs.

Finally the sequence went off to the composer Dan Jones who put the icing on the cake with his evocative music.By the end of this section, you will be able to: A few of the sequences described are his birth, rise to literary fame, traveling to the city, his time in the gallery, and finally his death.

These were then rotoscoped and then stitched together. We filmed myself performing the various sequences. The execution of the animation itself mainly took place on our studio rooftop. Hence having the stylized silhouette of a man seemed to be the perfect solution One thing we had to keep in mind was the fact that our character couldn't be recognised as any of the three actors who played Logan Mountstuart in different stages of his life. They were looking for a title sequence that would encapsulate the journey of one man from birth to grave in 40 seconds but without being too literal.

'We were initially briefed by the director Michael Samuels.

Any human heart title sequence